A large number of traditional houses in Slavonia and Baranja were built of earthen materials. Earth construction is widespread throughout the world, including within the borders of the Republic of Croatia. This work, for a start, gives an overview of earth structures and their origin. Then, the problem of damage to structures and structural elements made of rammed earth is considered. Since Croatian legislative and normative frameworks do not recognize rammed earth as a material that would be used in the construction or adaptation of houses and structures, this work describes the application of available New Zealand regulations NZS 4297:1998, NZS 4298:1998, NZS 4299:1998. In addition to New Zealand standards, the application of Croatian standards HRN EN 1998-3 and HRN EN 1504 is also covered. HRN EN 1998-3 deals with the design of seismic resistance of structures, while the standard HRN EN 1504 provides requirements and instructions for the use of grouts in the repair of concrete structures. HRN EN 1998-3 is applicable to all types of buildings, so there is no reason not to implement buildings made of earth in the same standard. In order to rehabilitate rammed earth buildings, injectable mortars are used, among other things, and can be included in the standard HRN EN 1504. Using the above New Zealand regulations, the procedures for designing rammed earth structures are described, as well as the requirements relevant for selection. materials and the construction of structures and structural elements of rammed earth. Then, materials for repair and protection of structures from rammed earth were processed, where materials such as products and systems for surface protection, earth-based and cement-based mortars, bitumen emulsions, jute, and carbon fibers were listed. Each of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages in the context of rehabilitation and reinforcement of structures made of rammed earth. Specifically, fibrous materials, whether natural (jute) or artificial (carbon fiber, steel mesh, tarpaulins) contribute to the horizontal stability of the wall, and prevent the appearance of cracks in the wall. Bitumen emulsions and bitumen can be used for the purpose of protecting earthen structures from water. Reinforcement with wooden elements enables an additional dose of rigidity of the structures made of rammed earth, and thus increases their resistance to seismic actions. It is very important to note that each of the materials increases the tensile strength of the elements of the rammed earth, which is, extremely important. Finally, the methods of repair and protection of structures from rammed earth with the help of the already mentioned materials are processed, and for each method, the advantages and disadvantages of the method are given.